Which of the following medications is known to increase the risk of fractures?

Steroids, also known as corticosteroids, are well-documented to increase the risk of fractures, particularly when used for prolonged periods or at high doses. This is primarily due to their effects on bone metabolism. Corticosteroids can inhibit the function of osteoblasts, the cells responsible for bone formation, and increase the activity of osteoclasts, which leads to accelerated bone resorption. This imbalance results in decreased bone density, making bones more fragile and susceptible to fractures.

In patients receiving steroid therapy, especially those who have other risk factors for osteoporosis or who are postmenopausal, the likelihood of sustaining fractures, including vertebral and hip fractures, rises significantly. Monitoring bone density and considering preventive measures, such as calcium and vitamin D supplementation or bisphosphonates, may be necessary in patients on long-term steroid therapy.

Understanding the impact of steroids on bone health is crucial for healthcare providers, enabling them to take proactive steps to minimize fracture risk in their patients.