Which of the following medications is known to decrease mortality in CHF?

SGLT2 inhibitors are a class of medications that have shown a significant benefit in reducing mortality in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). These medications work by promoting the excretion of glucose in the urine and also have effects on sodium handling by the kidneys, which can lead to improved hemodynamics, reduced fluid overload, and lower heart failure symptoms. Additionally, SGLT2 inhibitors have been associated with improved cardiac outcomes, including decreased hospitalization for heart failure and reduced risk of all-cause mortality in individuals with heart failure, particularly in those with reduced ejection fraction.

While the other options have their own roles in managing various conditions, their effects on mortality in CHF specifically are not as pronounced or well-established as those of SGLT2 inhibitors. Calcium channel blockers, for example, are generally avoided in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction due to potential negative effects. Statins are primarily used for cholesterol management and cardiovascular disease prevention but do not specifically target heart failure mortality. Antidepressants may help with the psychological aspects of chronic illness but do not address the underlying physiological problems associated with CHF.