Which of the following is a potential side effect of ESA therapy?

The correct choice highlights a significant potential side effect of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) therapy, which is the increased risk of hypertension. ESAs are used to stimulate the production of red blood cells in patients, particularly those with conditions such as chronic kidney disease or cancer-related anemia. However, one of the physiological effects of increasing red blood cell production is an increase in blood viscosity, which can lead to elevated blood pressure. This is particularly important to monitor in patients who may already have underlying hypertension or cardiovascular issues.

The link between ESA therapy and hypertension is well-documented, emphasizing the need for healthcare providers to regularly monitor blood pressure and manage any increases appropriately. Understanding this side effect is crucial, as effective management of blood pressure can significantly affect the overall health and well-being of patients undergoing ESA therapy.

While the other options could relate to side effects of various treatments, they are less specific to ESA therapy. Nausea and vomiting, disturbances in sleep quality, and weight gain can occur in a variety of medical contexts but are not directly associated with ESA therapy in the same way hypertension is.