Which of the following drugs is known to cause ototoxicity?

Ototoxicity refers to the toxic effect of certain medications on the inner ear, which can lead to hearing loss or balance issues. The correct answer is vancomycin, as it is an antibiotic that can cause ototoxic effects, particularly when given in high doses or used concomitantly with other ototoxic agents.

Vancomycin works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, and its ototoxic effects are believed to stem from its potential to damage the hair cells in the cochlea. In practice, healthcare providers often monitor kidney function and hearing in patients receiving vancomycin to minimize the risk of ototoxicity.

While the other options, such as penicillin and amoxicillin, are generally well-tolerated and not commonly associated with ototoxicity, quinidine, which is an antiarrhythmic medication, can also be ototoxic. However, in this context, vancomycin is more widely recognized specifically for its association with ototoxic side effects. Understanding the mechanisms and risks associated with these medications is crucial in clinical practice to ensure patient safety.