Which of the following can shift potassium into the cells?

Insulin and dextrose are known to facilitate the movement of potassium into the cells. When insulin is administered, it helps to lower blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells for energy. Along with glucose, insulin also stimulates the sodium-potassium ATPase pump, which actively transports potassium ions into the cells while bringing sodium ions out. This process not only helps in managing blood sugar levels but also plays a critical role in temporarily reducing elevated potassium levels in the bloodstream by shifting potassium into the intracellular space.

This mechanism is particularly useful in clinical settings when managing hyperkalemia, as the administration of insulin along with dextrose can lead to a rapid decrease in serum potassium levels. The dextrose is provided to prevent hypoglycemia, which may occur due to insulin administration.

In contrast, while loop diuretics can promote potassium loss through the urine, they do not facilitate the intracellular shift of potassium. Calcium gluconate is used as a cardiac protectant in cases of hyperkalemia but does not shift potassium into the cells. Hemodialysis is an effective treatment for removing excess potassium from the body but does not actively promote potassium entry into cells.