Which medication can lead to seizures due to stimulant effects?

The correct answer is that all of the medications listed can lead to seizures due to their stimulant effects.

Tramadol is an atypical analgesic that can increase the risk of seizures, particularly when used in high doses or in conjunction with other medications that lower the seizure threshold. This risk is attributed to its mechanism of action, which involves both opioid effects and the inhibition of norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake.

Bupropion, an atypical antidepressant used for depression and smoking cessation, is known to significantly lower the seizure threshold. This effect is dose-dependent, meaning the likelihood of seizures increases with higher dosages, especially in individuals with certain risk factors such as a history of seizures or eating disorders.

Meperidine, an opioid analgesic, can also lead to seizures, particularly with chronic use or high doses. This is due to the accumulation of its metabolite, normeperidine, which is neurotoxic and can provoke seizure activity.

Given the stimulant effects and the associated risks of seizures for each of these medications, saying that all listed can lead to seizures is accurate.