Which fruit is known as a 3A4 inhibitor affecting drug metabolism?

The correct answer is grapefruit, which is known to inhibit the CYP3A4 enzyme, a key player in the metabolism of many drugs. This enzyme is part of the cytochrome P450 family and is located primarily in the liver and intestines. When grapefruit is consumed, it can significantly affect the breakdown of various medications by blocking the activity of CYP3A4.

This inhibition can lead to increased plasma concentrations of drugs that are normally metabolized by this enzyme, potentially resulting in enhanced effects or toxicity. This is particularly relevant for certain statins, calcium channel blockers, and some anti-anxiety medications, making it important for patients to be aware that consuming grapefruit can alter the expected pharmacokinetics of their medications.

In contrast, other fruits such as orange, banana, and pineapple do not possess the same level of interaction with CYP3A4, meaning they do not have the same potential to affect drug metabolism significantly. Understanding these interactions is crucial for safe prescribing and patient education regarding the consumption of certain food items while on medication.