Which condition is treated with fluconazole or itraconazole?

Fluconazole and itraconazole are both antifungal medications that are effective in treating various fungal infections, including coccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis.

Coccidioidomycosis, caused by the fungus Coccidioides immitis, can lead to serious respiratory issues and systemic manifestations. Fluconazole is often utilized for its efficacy in treating mild to moderate cases, while itraconazole is another option that can be effective for both primary pulmonary infection and disseminated disease.

Similarly, histoplasmosis is triggered by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum, which can also result in significant respiratory illness and systemic disease. Itraconazole is considered a first-line treatment for chronic and disseminated histoplasmosis, while fluconazole can be used in some instances as well, particularly when isoniazid is contraindicated, as fluconazole has better central nervous system penetration.

Both antifungal agents target the cellular membranes of the fungi, making them suitable for managing these infections. The correct answer reflects that both conditions respond to treatment with fluconazole or itraconazole, emphasizing the versatility and importance of these medications in clinical practice.