Which class of drugs includes verapamil and diltiazem?

Verapamil and diltiazem belong to the class of drugs known as calcium channel blockers. These medications work by inhibiting the entry of calcium ions into cardiac and smooth muscle cells through L-type calcium channels. This action leads to relaxation and dilation of blood vessels, ultimately reducing blood pressure and decreasing the workload on the heart.

Calcium channel blockers are commonly used to treat conditions such as hypertension, angina (chest pain due to reduced blood flow to the heart), and certain arrhythmias. Verapamil is often utilized for its effects on heart rate and has antiarrhythmic properties, while diltiazem has both vascular and cardiac effects, making it effective in managing angina and hypertension.

The other listed drug classes have different mechanisms of action and are used for various other conditions. ACE inhibitors primarily inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme, leading to vasodilation and reduced blood pressure. Beta blockers mainly reduce heart rate and the force of contraction of the heart muscle, thereby lowering blood pressure and reducing strain on the heart. Diuretics help eliminate excess fluid by promoting urine production, which can also lower blood pressure but do so through a different mechanism.