Which bacteria are commonly associated with endocarditis?

The association of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus with endocarditis is well-documented in medical literature. Endocarditis, which is the inflammation of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves, is typically caused by bacterial infections.

Staphylococcus, particularly Staphylococcus aureus, is known for its role in acute endocarditis, often occurring in individuals with pre-existing heart conditions or those who are IV drug users. It can lead to serious complications due to its aggressive nature.

Streptococcus, especially Streptococcus viridans group, is commonly associated with subacute bacterial endocarditis, which may develop more gradually and is frequently seen in individuals with underlying heart conditions or prior valve damage. These bacteria have the ability to adhere to heart tissues, especially in areas of damage, making them prominent culprits in this disease.

The other groups of bacteria listed do not have a strong or typical association with endocarditis. For instance, while Haemophilus and E. coli can cause infections in other areas of the body, they are not the primary agents implicated in endocarditis. Pneumococcus and Neisseria, too, are more commonly linked with respiratory and meningitis infections rather than heart valve infections