Which antifungal inhibits glucan synthesis?

The antifungal that inhibits glucan synthesis is caspofungin. This drug belongs to the echinocandin class, which specifically targets the fungal cell wall by inhibiting the enzyme 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase. This enzyme is crucial for the formation of glucan, a vital component of the fungal cell wall structure. By obstructing glucan synthesis, caspofungin weakens the cell wall, ultimately leading to cell lysis and death of the fungus.

In contrast, the other options—fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole—are part of the azole class of antifungals, which primarily inhibit ergosterol synthesis, an essential component of the fungal cell membrane. These medications do not interfere with glucan synthesis directly; therefore, they are not effective against the structural integrity of the cell wall in the same manner as caspofungin.