What substances should never be given to patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) that are not drugs?

In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), certain substances can exacerbate their condition or lead to adverse health effects. The correct choice highlights magnesium and aluminum as substances that should be avoided.

Magnesium is a mineral that can accumulate in the body when kidney function is impaired, as the kidneys are responsible for excreting excess levels. High levels of magnesium can lead to serious health issues, including respiratory distress, cardiac problems, and neuromuscular abnormalities.

Aluminum is another concern, especially in patients with CKD, as they may be at risk for aluminum toxicity. This can occur due to reduced clearance of aluminum from the bloodstream. Exposure to aluminum can lead to bone disease, neurological disorders, and anemia, which are particularly problematic in those with compromised kidney function.

By avoiding these substances, healthcare providers can help manage the complications of kidney disease more effectively and safeguard patient health.