What substance is used initially to help infants with apnea of prematurity?

The treatment for apnea of prematurity primarily involves the use of caffeine. Caffeine stimulates the respiratory centers in the brain, which helps to improve breathing patterns in preterm infants who often experience intermittent apnea episodes. This stimulant effect supports infants in maintaining regular breathing rhythms and reduces the frequency and severity of apnea episodes.

Although options like albuterol and theophylline have roles in respiratory conditions, they are not the first-line treatments specifically for apnea of prematurity. Albuterol is a bronchodilator used for conditions like asthma, and theophylline was used historically but is less common due to potential side effects and the availability of safer alternatives. Calcium citrate does not have a direct role in managing apnea in infants. Thus, the correct substance for managing this condition is caffeine because of its efficacy and safety profile in stimulating respiratory function in premature infants.