What signs are associated with meningitis diagnosis?

Kernig's sign and Brudzinski sign are classic clinical signs associated with meningitis, a condition characterized by inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.

Kernig's sign occurs when a patient’s leg cannot be fully extended at the knee when the hip is flexed at a 90-degree angle, indicating irritation of the meninges. Brudzinski's sign is identified when a patient involuntarily lifts their legs when the neck is flexed forward, which also suggests meningeal irritation. The presence of these signs prompts further evaluation for meningitis, highlighting their importance in the diagnostic process.

Other options presented do mention symptoms related to various illnesses, but they do not specifically indicate meningitis. Fever and chills can be general signs of infection, while cough and sputum production typically point toward respiratory issues, and chest pain along with shortness of breath is often associated with cardiovascular or pulmonary problems. These symptoms are not specific to meningitis, reinforcing the critical role of Kernig's and Brudzinski signs in its diagnosis.