What side effect is associated with Bleomycin (Blenoxane)?

Bleomycin is an antineoplastic agent commonly used in the treatment of various cancers, including testicular cancer and Hodgkin's lymphoma. One of the notable side effects associated with Bleomycin is pulmonary toxicity, which manifests as pulmonary fibrosis.

Pulmonary fibrosis occurs due to the accumulation of fibrous tissue in the lungs, leading to increased lung stiffness and reduced lung function. This is particularly concerning as it can result in significant respiratory complications, sometimes developing even after the treatment has been completed.

The risk of pulmonary fibrosis associated with Bleomycin is dose-dependent and is more likely to occur in individuals who have underlying lung issues or those who have received high cumulative doses. Monitoring lung function and watching for symptoms like cough, difficulty breathing, and hypoxia are essential during treatment.

In contrast, while pneumonia is a potential complication in cancer patients due to immunosuppression, it is not a direct side effect of Bleomycin itself. Kidney failure and liver toxicity are also not commonly associated with Bleomycin, as other chemotherapeutic agents are more likely to cause those side effects. The specific risk of pulmonary fibrosis is what makes it a significant concern for patients undergoing treatment with Bleomycin.