What side effect is associated with alpha-2 agonists?

Alpha-2 agonists, such as clonidine and dexmedetomidine, can lead to rebound hypertension if they are abruptly discontinued after long-term use. This occurs because alpha-2 agonists work by stimulating alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in the central nervous system, which reduces sympathetic outflow, leading to a decrease in blood pressure. When the medication is suddenly stopped, there is a rebound increase in sympathetic activity, resulting in elevated blood pressure, often referred to as rebound hypertension. Understanding this side effect is crucial for safely managing patients on these medications and ensuring they are tapered appropriately when discontinuing treatment.

In contrast, while other side effects like increased appetite, nausea, or insomnia can be associated with various medications or conditions, they are not primarily recognized as significant side effects of alpha-2 agonists. Thus, rebound hypertension stands out as a key consideration specific to this class of medications.