What should be monitored closely during DKA treatment?

During the treatment of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA), monitoring potassium levels is crucial due to the profound effects that insulin, fluids, and the acidosis itself can have on potassium homeostasis. In the initial stages of DKA, patients often experience a total body potassium deficit despite normal or high serum potassium levels. This occurs because acidosis causes potassium to shift out of cells into the bloodstream, leading to misleadingly normal serum potassium readings.

As treatment begins, particularly when insulin therapy is initiated, potassium shifts back into cells, which can result in significant hypokalemia (low potassium levels) if not monitored and managed appropriately. Therefore, keeping a close watch on potassium levels allows for timely adjustments to electrolyte replacement, preventing complications such as cardiac arrhythmias or muscle weakness.

Monitoring body temperature, respiratory rate, and skin turgor, while important in overall patient assessment, does not hold the same level of urgency in the context of DKA management as monitoring potassium levels does. These factors provide general information about the patient's condition but do not directly relate to the immediate risks associated with electrolyte imbalances during DKA treatment.