What serious condition is associated with Vancomycin use?

The condition most directly associated with Vancomycin use is Red man syndrome. This syndrome is a type of infusion reaction that manifests as flushing, rash, and pruritus, particularly on the upper body, neck, and back. It occurs when Vancomycin is administered too rapidly, leading to the release of histamine. Although it is not life-threatening, Red man syndrome can cause significant discomfort and requires managing the infusion rate or premedicating with antihistamines.

While the other choices may be associated with various medications or medical conditions, they are not directly caused by Vancomycin itself. Hepatic failure and electrolyte imbalances are potential side effects of numerous medications but are not typical for Vancomycin. Hyperkalemia can occur due to several factors but is not specifically linked to Vancomycin use. Therefore, Red man syndrome stands out as the clear and specific reaction associated with the infusion of Vancomycin.