What is the primary role of heparin in the treatment of thrombosis?

Heparin primarily functions as an anticoagulant, playing a crucial role in both the treatment and prophylaxis of thrombosis. In the treatment context, heparin helps to prevent the formation of new clots and the expansion of existing clots in patients diagnosed with various thrombotic conditions such as deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. For prophylaxis, heparin is often used in high-risk patients, such as those undergoing major surgeries or immobilized for extended periods, to prevent thromboembolic events.

Its versatility as a treatment option stems from its rapid action and ability to be easily monitored for efficacy using activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) or anti-factor Xa levels, ensuring patients can receive proper dosing. This dual role highlights heparin's importance in clinical settings concerning thrombosis.