What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of DPP-4 inhibitors?

The mechanism of action of DPP-4 inhibitors primarily involves the enhancement of insulin secretion and the reduction of glucagon release. These medications work by inhibiting the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), which leads to increased levels of incretin hormones such as GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1).

GLP-1 plays a critical role in glucose metabolism; it enhances insulin secretion in response to meals and suppresses the secretion of glucagon, which in turn helps reduce glucose production by the liver. Because DPP-4 inhibitors increase endogenous GLP-1 levels, this promotes a state of improved glycemic control.

The other options do not accurately represent the effects of DPP-4 inhibitors. For instance, increasing glucagon release runs counter to the mechanism of these drugs, as does decreasing GLP-1 activity. Enhancing gastric emptying is not a primary mechanism associated with DPP-4 inhibitors but more commonly relates to other classes of medications used in diabetes treatment.