What is the mechanism of action of Dolasetron (Anzemet)?

Dolasetron (Anzemet) primarily works as a 5-HT3 antagonist. Its mechanism of action involves blocking the serotonin receptors of the 5-HT3 subtype, which are found in both the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. By inhibiting these receptors, Dolasetron effectively prevents nausea and vomiting that are often associated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. This action makes it particularly useful for patients undergoing treatments that induce such side effects.

The effectiveness of 5-HT3 antagonists like Dolasetron in managing nausea and vomiting lies in their ability to interrupt the signaling pathway that triggers these reactions. In particular, serotonin release from the intestinal mucosa during such events activates 5-HT3 receptors, leading to increased activity in the vomiting center of the brain. By blocking these receptors, Dolasetron interrupts this pathway, thereby reducing the risk of nausea and vomiting.

The other options describe different classes of medications with distinct mechanisms. Corticosteroids are primarily anti-inflammatory agents, NK-1 receptor antagonists target neurokinin-1 receptors involved in nausea and vomiting processes, and antimetabolites interfere with cellular metabolism—none of which overlap with Dolasetron’s specific action as a 5-