What is an example of an emulsifying agent?

An emulsifying agent is a substance that helps stabilize emulsions, which are mixtures of two immiscible liquids, such as oil and water. An emulsifier usually contains both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) properties, allowing it to reduce the surface tension at the interface of the two liquids, promoting a more stable mixture.

Cetyl alcohol is a fatty alcohol that has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic characteristics, making it effective as an emulsifying agent. It helps to stabilize and mix ingredients in creams and lotions by ensuring that oil and water phases can coexist without separating. Its properties allow it to act not only as an emulsifier but also as a thickening agent and emollient in cosmetic formulations.

The other substances listed do not serve as effective emulsifying agents. Glycerin is primarily a humectant, drawing moisture, and while it can support emulsions, it does not primarily stabilize them. Starch can act as a thickening agent but is not primarily used for emulsification. Calcium phosphate, being a mineral, serves different functions in formulations, such as acting as a desiccant or filler, rather than stabilizing emulsions. This distinction highlights why cetyl alcohol