What does the Somogyi effect involve?

The Somogyi effect, also known as rebound hyperglycemia, is characterized by a cycle where a person's blood sugar drops too low (hypoglycemia) during the night, prompting the body to counteract this drop by releasing hormones such as glucagon, cortisol, and epinephrine. These hormones work to increase blood glucose levels, often leading to higher blood sugar levels upon waking, which is the hyperglycemia aspect. This phenomenon can occur in individuals, particularly those with diabetes, who experience nighttime insulin reactions or inadequate nighttime snacks.

Understanding the Somogyi effect is crucial because it highlights the importance of properly managing insulin doses and meal timing to avoid such swings in blood sugar levels. This knowledge helps in preventing both low and high blood sugar fluctuations, contributing to better overall glycemic control.