What condition is Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide) known to cause?

Cytoxan, or cyclophosphamide, is known to cause hemorrhagic cystitis, which is a condition characterized by inflammation and bleeding of the bladder. This side effect arises from the metabolization of cyclophosphamide in the body, leading to the accumulation of toxic metabolites, notably acrolein, which can irritate the bladder lining.

Patients receiving cyclophosphamide are at increased risk for developing hemorrhagic cystitis, particularly with high doses or prolonged therapy. To mitigate this risk, clinicians often recommend ensuring adequate hydration and may use a protective agent such as mesna, which helps to inactivate the harmful metabolites and protect the bladder.

While the other conditions mentioned can be associated with different medications or disease states, they are not typically linked to cyclophosphamide in the way that hemorrhagic cystitis is, making the identification of this side effect critical for safe drug administration and patient management.