What complication is associated with long-term use of heparin?

Long-term use of heparin is associated with osteoporosis, which is the correct answer. Heparin, particularly when used in high doses or for protracted periods, can lead to decreased bone density and an increased risk of fractures. This occurs because heparin can inhibit osteoblast function, which is essential for bone formation. The risk of developing osteoporosis is particularly concerning in individuals who are on heparin therapy for extended lengths of time, such as those with certain thromboembolic disorders.

Other choices present conditions that are not typically linked to heparin use. For example, cirrhosis is primarily related to liver disease and is not a known complication of heparin. Hypertension and hypotension are related to blood pressure regulation but are not specifically caused by heparin in a predictable manner. Understanding the side effects associated with medications is crucial for safe management, particularly in patients receiving long-term treatment.