What class of medications can cause significant weight gain as a side effect?

Antipsychotics are known to cause significant weight gain as a side effect due to several mechanisms. These medications, particularly second-generation antipsychotics, can lead to metabolic changes that promote weight gain, such as increased appetite, changes in glucose metabolism, and insulin sensitivity.

The mechanism behind this weight gain often involves the blockade of certain neurotransmitters, which can directly influence appetite regulation and energy expenditure. For instance, antagonism of serotonin and histamine receptors, which are common among many antipsychotics, can lead to increased hunger sensations and cravings for carbohydrates, contributing to greater caloric intake.

While other classes of medications may also have some association with weight changes, antipsychotics are notably more recognized for their substantial impact on weight gain in patients undergoing treatment. This is a critical consideration for healthcare providers when prescribing these medications, as they must balance the therapeutic benefits with the potential for significant side effects like weight gain, which could lead to further health complications, such as diabetes or cardiovascular diseases.