What class of antibiotic is Gentamicin?

Gentamicin belongs to the aminoglycoside class of antibiotics, which are characterized by their amino sugar components. This class of antibiotics is primarily used to treat serious bacterial infections, particularly those caused by gram-negative bacteria. They work by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria, which ultimately leads to bacterial cell death. Gentamicin is often used in hospital settings for infections that are resistant to other antibiotics, showcasing its effectiveness in combating serious infections.

In contrast, macrolides, such as erythromycin, are known for their activity against a wide range of bacteria but function differently, primarily by inhibiting protein synthesis as well but through different mechanisms. Tetracyclines also inhibit protein synthesis but are used for different types of infections, including some that are less severe. Cephalosporins are a broader class of beta-lactam antibiotics that also target bacterial cell wall synthesis. Each of these classes operates through distinct mechanisms and is utilized based on the type of infection being treated, highlighting why gentamicin is categorized specifically as an aminoglycoside.